UPDATE
What do we know for sure?
The FA have issued two statements. This was the first.
Just before Christmas there was a second FA statement about further allegations.
Who was Toney playing for on the dates mentioned ?
During the time stated in the FA charge, Toney represented four different clubs – Scunthorpe United, Wigan Athletic, Peterborough United and Brentford.He was on the books at Newcastle United from 2015-2018 but spent the majority of that time out on loan. The Northampton-born player had two spells at Scunthorpe, playing for them in the 2016-17 season and again from January to May 2018, either side of six months on loan at Wigan.Toney signed for Peterborough in August 2018, before making a £5m move to Brentford in September 2020. Source BBC News
Is anything else known of the charges?
Only what has been reported in the Daily Mail which is all unconfirmed;
-that the investigation has lasted 7 months
-that the report into Toney is ‘some 2,800 pages long’.
-that ‘Toney is not thought to have bet against his own team’
Who makes the rules and what are they?
The rules are decided and enforced by the Football Association and are set out on their website , in the FA Handbook and other FA documents. The betting rule which Toney has been charged under is Rule E8, it is very wide-ranging and goes well beyond betting on matches. The FA have produced some posters which summarise what every player needs to know.
The FA website also warns players of the powers which the FA has to investigate them.
What is Ivan Toney’s reaction to the allegations?
Ivan Toney has not issued any statement since the FA announcement. But when a national newspaper first reported that there was inquiry going on into allegations against him he tweeted:
What is Brentford FC’s reaction?
This was the Club statement after the first set of charges.
This was the statement after the second FA announcement
What are the precedents for punishment for those found guilty of breaches for Rule E8 ?
First of all we should stress that Ivan Toney has not yet been found guilty of anything. But to find out more about the process which will be used in his case we looked at the FA website where they publish the details of cases.
Going through the details of the 32 footballers, all non-league players, found guilty in 2020-21 we saw how the punishment varied depending on the number, type and size of the bets, the player’s personal circumstances and experience plus whether they were helpful to the inquiry.
For example Eliot Richards of Weston Super Mare got a six month suspension for 32 bets over 5 years. The verdict said ‘Nine of these bets had been bets on football matches in competitions in which the Defendant’s club had been entered into during the relevant season. One of these bets was even a bet on his own club to lose “
Whereas James Gibbons of Chesham United got a warning not a suspension (plus a fine of under £500) for 257 bets over 6 years “including twelve bets on football matches in competitions in which the Defendant’s club had been entered into during the relevant season.The Defendant’s prompt admission and cooperation with the proceedings was also noted”.
These differences in punishment is best explained in the case of Joey Barton who in 2017 was banned for five months. He placed 1,260 bets over a period of ten years, including several wagers that related to his various team-mates’. During his appeal a chart was produced showing the factors that were taken into account under the 2014 guidelines which are then in place. 
How long does it take for an investigation to be completed?
In the cases we looked at in 2020-21 it averaged 2-3 months from the time the player was charged to when the sentence was decided. But in the Joey Barton case the period was 5 months and there was an appeal which took a further 3 months.